A team of researchers, led Opeyemi Adebote, has uncovered alarming levels of toxic metals in imported fish widely consumed across Nigeria.
The findings, published in the Aceh Journal of Animal Science, found that popular fish like Atlantic mackerel, Pacific herring, and Chilean jack mackerel—commonly sold in Nigerian markets—contain alarming levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and iron (Fe), all exceeding safe limits set by World Health Organizations (WHO).
The findings according to Adebote revealed that many of the fish Nigerians rely on for affordable protein are contaminated with toxic metals.
For example, lead levels in some fish were more than 20 times above the safe limit. Lead is highly toxic and can cause developmental issues in children, such as learning difficulties, and kidney damage in adults. Similarly, cadmium found in all fish samples can accumulate in the body over time, leading to bone weakening and kidney problems.
Even iron, which is essential for health, was present in excessive amounts posing risks like liver damage and heart disease. Zinc levels were within safe limits, offering some reassurance, but the overall findings are deeply concerning. The contaminated fish studied are locally known as “titus” “shawa” and “kote” are often sold in local markets and cold rooms, making them easily accessible to families across the country. For many Nigerians, fish is a staple food, but this study shows that what’s on the plate could be harming their health in long term. With rising levels of cancer incidences in Nigeria, attention must be given to daily food consumed by many Nigerians.
In an interview with, Adebote, who is also a fellow at the Global Change Center, expressed her concerns saying, “These findings are a wake-up call. Fish is a major protein source for millions of Nigerians, but the high levels of toxic metals we found pose serious health risks. We need stricter regulations and better monitoring to ensure the safety of imported fish.”
Adebote, an expert in Fisheries Science, with over seven years of conducting research, emphasized the importance of addressing environmental pollution and its impact on food security. Her work focuses on fisheries conservation and the effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems.
While regulatory changes are underway, consumers are advised to take precautions. For instance, families who regularly buy imported fish like mackerel or hake from local markets should consider reducing their consumption, especially for vulnerable groups like children and pregnant women. Instead, they can diversify their diets with safer protein sources such as locally sourced fish, beans, eggs, and poultry. Staying informed about food safety updates from health authorities is also crucial.
The study calls for urgent action from the Nigerian government to put in place the right policies, raise public awareness campaigns and enforce strict monitoring of imported fish by relevant agencies like the Federal Fisheries Department (FDF).
Mary’s team finding highlights the critical need to balance food security with food safety. As she puts it, “We cannot ignore the risks. Protecting public health must be a priority.”
